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                  10. EssentialTools
 
                  
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              GARDENING AND
              UV RADIATION 
                Gardeners
                in the New Millennium will have to take into
                consideration the earth changes now occurring: the
                blurring of the seasons, increased ultraviolet b
                radiation, changes in traditional precipitation
                patterns, etc. Several years ago the ozone
                depletion averaged 60% at the poles to 4% at the
                equator, allowing an additional 12% to 18% UV-b to
                reach the earth -- and if anything it is now worse.
                In addition, ozone "holes" are now drifting with
                increasing regularity across North America, such as
                the one which drifted over Chicago and New York in
                1995 and the one over northern Europe in 1996, but
                we only hear of them well after the fact. Plants
                directly under those ozone "holes" receive an
                incredible dose of UV-b, and many are
                burned. 
                In general,
                the cereal grains and grasses are only moderately
                sensitive to UV-b, while all of the most common
                food crops are far more susceptible. The lists
                below show the UV-b sensitivity in general terms:
                if those plants are to be saved for seed, a few
                selected plants can be grown in shaded areas,
                off-season in shaded greenhouses, etc. But growing
                food in bulk now means returning to the food crops
                of the past: amaranth, millet and dahlia's are
                prime examples. It is to those crops that most of
                my garden will be planted this year. 
                Extremely
                sensitive: beans, beets, cabbage, cucumber,
                lettuce, peas, potato, pumpkin, onion, spinach,
                tomatoes. 
                Moderately
                sensitive: carrots, cauliflower, chicory, collards,
                corn, parsnips, radish, wheat. 
                Partial
                solutions to growing the sensitive crops are: grow
                only in shaded areas if possible, or shade with
                netting; plant main season crops early, or
                transplant late; or, switch to UV-b resistant
                strains where possible (substitute "Turk's Turban"
                edible gourd for pumpkin, for example).  
               
                Amaranth (Love Lies Bleeding) and
              buckwheat are both grains with a high UV
              tolerance.  
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